Dadaism 00

Dadaism or Dada (onomatopoeia of children's speech; in French, a children's word for a wooden horse, a toy; perhaps also according to Romanian da: da, which was used by /da, da/ Tzara and Janco), an international avant-garde movement founded in 1916 around a group of artists in the Zurich Cabaret Voltaire.

The founders came from Germany (Emmy Hennings, H. Ball, R. Huelsenbeck) and Romania (T. Tzara, Marcel Janco). The authors of the Armory Show (New York, 1913: F. Picabia, M. Duchamp, Man Ray) also joined that movement, and it had other centers in Berlin (J. Heartfield, G. Grosz, R. Hausmann, H Richter, W. Mehring), Cologne (H. Arp, M. Ernst), Hanover (K. Schwitters) and Paris (future surrealists A. Breton, L. Aragon, P. Éluard).

Since 1917, the magazine "Dada" has been published, which published the Dada manifesto in its third issue. In the atmosphere of the social and moral crisis of World War I, Dadaism rejects the mimetic conception of creativity and breaks with the traditions of academic and (petty) bourgeois art.

The inherited concept of a work of art ends so that it ceases to be a finished product of design skill with offered aesthetic, critical and market mediations. Instead, typographic and sound interventions in the so-called with simultaneous and Bruitist songs, collages with varying degrees of randomness in the choice of materials and composition (support for surrealist automatic writing and cut-up by W. Burroughs) and taken over and already shaped ready-made objects, he highlights the artistic potential of refunctionalization and renaming.

Parallel to that, especially in the manifestos, it promotes spontaneity, playful banality, scathing mockery, and a repulsive attitude towards everything self-evident. The interpretation of Dada and its radical and provocative intervention in the institutional structure of art is placed in the context of the thesis about the occasional need of civilization for self-renewal.

Around 1922, the activity of the movement weakens, and most members, especially in France, turn towards surrealism. Dadaism after the Second World War influenced the emergence and development of new artistic movements (pop art, conceptual art, neo-dada, etc.).

Lit.:

M. Seuphor, L'Art abstrait, Paris 1950

H. W. Janson, History Of Art,1967

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ArtintheFridge, November 2022

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Links to other articles:

Modern Art

https://www.fxhash.xyz/article/modern-art-00

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https://www.fxhash.xyz/article/impressionism-00

Post-Impressionism

https://www.fxhash.xyz/article/post-impressionism-00

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Futurism

https://www.fxhash.xyz/article/futurism-00

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